Dual

Founded in 1907 by brothers Christian and Joseph Steidinger in St. Georgen, Germany, initially manufacturing clockwork and gramophone parts. Created the Dual-Motor in 1927, adopted the Dual name in 1935, and became Europe's largest turntable manufacturer by the 1970s with over 3,000 employees. Went bankrupt in 1981, acquired by Thomson-Brandt, then closed in 1993. Alfred Fehrenbacher, a longtime Dual employee, took over analog turntable production in 1993, continuing manufacturing in St. Georgen. Currently produces 15,000-20,000 turntables annually under Alfred Fehrenbacher GmbH.